Formic acid details

Formic acid is an organic compound with the chemical formula HCOOH and a molecular weight of 46.03. It is commonly known as formic acid and is the simplest carboxylic acid. A colorless and pungent liquid. Formic acid belongs to weak electrolytes, but its aqueous solution is weakly acidic and highly corrosive, which can stimulate skin foaming. Usually present in the secretions of bees, certain ants, and caterpillars. It is an organic chemical raw material, also used as a disinfectant and preservative.
application area
Formic acid is one of the basic organic chemical raw materials, widely used in industries such as pesticides, leather, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and rubber. Formic acid can be directly used for fabric processing, tanning, textile printing and dyeing, and storage of green feed. It can also be used as a metal surface treatment agent, rubber additive, and industrial solvent. Used in organic synthesis to synthesize various formate esters, acridine dyes, and formamide series pharmaceutical intermediates. The specific classification is as follows:
1. Pharmaceutical industry: can be used for the processing of caffeine, acetaminophen, aminopyrine, aminophylline, theobromine, borneol, vitamin B1, metronidazole, and benzimidazole.
2. Pesticide industry: can be used for the processing of triadimefon, triadimefon, tricyclic azole, triazole, triazophos, paclobutrazol, imidazole, insecticides, and diclofenac.
3. Chemical industry: manufacturing various raw materials for formates, formamide, pentaerythritol, neopentyl glycol, epoxidized soybean oil, epoxidized soybean oleate octyl ester, terpene chloride, paint removers, and phenolic resins.
4. Leather industry: used as a tanning agent, deliming agent, and neutralizing agent for leather.
5. Rubber industry: used for processing natural rubber coagulants and manufacturing rubber anti-aging agents.
6. CO is produced in the laboratory. Chemical reaction formula:

8. Verify cerium, rhenium, and tungsten. Inspect aromatic primary amine, secondary amine, and methoxy group. Measure the relative molecular weight and solvent methoxy for crystallization. Used as a fixative in microscopic analysis.
9. Formic acid and its aqueous solution can dissolve many metals, metal oxides, hydroxides, and salts, and the resulting formate salts can dissolve in water, making them suitable as chemical cleaning agents. Formic acid does not contain chloride ions and can be used for cleaning equipment containing stainless steel materials.
10. It is used to mix apple, papaya, jackfruit, bread, cheese, cheese, cream and other edible essence and essence for whisky and rum. The concentration in the final flavored food is about 1-18 mg/kg.
11. Other: It can also manufacture printing and dyeing mordants, dyeing agents, processing agents, plasticizers for fibers and paper, food preservation, animal feed additives, and reducing agents.
Refining method
1. Anhydrous formic acid can be directly distilled under reduced pressure, and cooled and condensed with ice water during distillation. For aqueous formic acid, anhydrous copper sulfate can be used as a desiccant. For reagent grade 88% formic acid, the water can be removed by distillation after refluxing with phthalic anhydride for 6 hours. Further purification can be achieved using the stepwise crystallization method. When formic acid and acetic acid are mixed together, fatty hydrocarbons can be added for azeotropic distillation separation.
2. Mix formic acid with phosphorus pentoxide and perform vacuum distillation 5-10 times to obtain anhydrous formic acid, but the yield is low, time-consuming, and may cause some decomposition. Distilling formic acid and boric acid is a simple and effective method. Soak the boric acid in a medium to high temperature and dehydrate it until no more bubbles are produced. Pour the resulting molten material onto an iron sheet, cool it in a dryer, and then grind it into powder. Add fine powder of boric acid phenol to formic acid, let it stand for a few days to form a hard block, separate the clear liquid for vacuum distillation, and collect the 22-25 ℃/12-18 mm fraction as the product. The distiller should have a fully ground joint and be protected by a drying tube.