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Sodium hydroxide, also known as caustic soda, caustic soda, or caustic soda, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaOH. Sodium hydroxide is highly alkaline and highly corrosive, and can be used as an acid neutralizer, masking agent, precipitant, masking agent, color developer, saponifier, peeler, detergent, etc. It has a wide range of uses.
physical property
Density: 2.13g/cm3
Melting point: 318 ℃
Boiling point: 1388 ℃
Saturated vapor pressure: 0.13kPa (739 ℃)
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Solubility: easily soluble in water, ethanol, and glycerol, insoluble in acetone and ether
chemical property
Sodium hydroxide has a corrosive effect on fibers, skin, glass, ceramics, etc. When dissolved or diluted with a concentrated solution, it will release heat; Neutralization reaction with inorganic acids can also generate a large amount of heat, generating corresponding salts; React with metallic aluminum and zinc, non-metallic boron and silicon to release hydrogen from the chemical book; Disproportionation reaction occurs with halogens such as chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Can precipitate metal ions from aqueous solutions to form hydroxides; The principle of removing oil stains from fabrics is that it can cause saponification reactions in fats and oils, generating corresponding sodium salts and alcohols of organic acids
Computational Chemistry Data
Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): None
Number of hydrogen bond donors: 1
Number of hydrogen bond receptors: 1
Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0
Number of tautomers: 0
Topological molecule polarity surface area: 1
Number of heavy atoms: 2
Surface charge: 0
Complexity: 2
Isotope atomic number: 0
Determine the number of atomic structure centers: 0
Uncertain number of atomic structure centers: 0
Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0
Uncertain number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0
Number of covalent bond units: 2
test method
The inventory of sodium hydroxide should be tested at least once a quarter. Due to the prolonged storage time of sodium hydroxide, its surface will react with carbon dioxide in the air, so it is necessary to test the content of its active ingredients. After fully dissolving the sodium hydroxide sample, titrate with a standard hydrochloric acid solution and use phenolphthalein as an indicator to determine the content of the effective components of sodium hydroxide. The testing method is as follows:
(1) Take a clean weighing bottle of known weight, add about 20g of solid sodium hydroxide, and tightly cover it for weighing; Measure about 40mL of sodium hydroxide solution using a measuring cylinder and pour it into a weighing bottle. Then transfer the sample into a 500mL conical flask, rinse the weighing bottle 3-4 times with distilled water, add about 100mL of distilled water, slowly shake until completely dissolved, dilute to about 400mL, cool to room temperature, and mix thoroughly.
(2) Use a pipette to pipette 50mL of the test solution and inject it into a 250mL conical flask. Add 5 drops of phenolphthalein indicator and titrate with 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution until exactly the red color disappears. Record the volume of hydrochloric acid consumed, then add 2 drops of methyl orange indicator solution and continue titrating with 1mol/L hydrochloric acid until the solution changes from yellow to orange. Record the volume of hydrochloric acid consumed at this time.
application area
Sodium hydroxide is mainly used in the production of papermaking, cellulose pulp, soap, synthetic detergents, synthetic fatty acids, and refining of animal and plant fats. The textile printing and dyeing industry is used as a desizing agent, refining agent, and mercerizing agent for cotton fabrics. The chemical industry is used to produce borax, sodium cyanide, formic acid, oxalic acid, phenol, etc. The petroleum industry is used for refining petroleum products and in oilfield drilling mud. It is also used for surface treatment in the production of alumina, metallic zinc, and metallic copper, as well as in glass, enamel, leather making, pharmaceuticals, dyes, and pesticides. Food grade products are used in the food industry as acid neutralizers, can be used as peelers for citrus, peach, etc., can also be used as detergents for empty bottles, cans, and other containers, as well as decolorizers and deodorizers. When sodium hydroxide is used as a basic reagent, it can be used as a neutralizing agent, a masking agent, a precipitant, a masking agent for precipitation, an absorbent for small amounts of carbon dioxide and water, a colorimetric agent for the determination of ketosterols by thin-layer analysis, etc. It is widely used in the manufacturing of various sodium salts, soaps, pulp, finishing cotton fabrics, silk, viscose fibers, rubber products regeneration, metal cleaning, electroplating, bleaching, etc. In cosmetics and creams, sodium hydroxide and stearic acid act as emulsifiers through saponification, used in the production of snow cream, shampoo, etc.
Storage method
Sodium hydroxide should be stored in a cool, dry, and well ventilated warehouse. Keep away from sparks and heat sources. The storage temperature shall not exceed 35 ℃ and the relative humidity shall not exceed 80%. The packaging must be sealed and not damp. It should be stored separately from flammable materials, acids, etc., and should not be stored together. The storage area should be equipped with appropriate materials to contain leaked materials.
Protective measures
Engineering control: Closed operation, pay attention to ventilation
Respiratory protection: Wear a gas mask if necessary.
Eye protection: Wear chemical safety goggles.
Body protection: Wear work clothes (made of anti-corrosion materials).
Hand protection: Wear rubber gloves.
Other: After work, take a shower and change clothes. Pay attention to personal hygiene and hygiene.
Security measures
First aid measures
Eye contact: Immediately lift the eyelids, rinse with flowing water or physiological saline for at least 15 minutes, or rinse with 3% boric acid solution, and seek medical attention promptly.
Inhalation: Quickly remove from the site to a place with fresh air. If necessary, perform artificial respiration and seek medical attention promptly.
Ingestion: When the patient is awake, rinse their mouth immediately, take diluted vinegar or lemon juice orally, and seek medical attention promptly.
Leakage emergency response
Isolate the contaminated area from leaks and set up warning signs around it. It is recommended that emergency personnel wear gas masks and chemical protective clothing. Do not come into direct contact with the leaked material, rinse with a large amount of water, and dilute the washing water into the wastewater system. If there is a large amount of leakage, it should be collected and recycled or disposed of harmless before disposal.
Firefighting measures
Fire extinguishing method: Firefighters must wear work clothes (made of anti-corrosion materials).
Fire extinguishing agents: Misty water, sandy soil.