Application of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in lithium batteries

Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate has various applications in lithium batteries. It can be used as a flame retardant to decompose and form a protective film to prevent combustion when the battery heats up abnormally. Can participate in the synthesis of electrode materials, such as the preparation of lithium iron phosphate materials. It can also be used as an electrolyte additive to inhibit lithium dendrite growth, improve battery safety and service life. The specific applications are as follows:

1. As a flame retardant

Safety is crucial in lithium batteries. Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate can have a flame retardant effect. When abnormal conditions such as thermal runaway occur inside the battery and the temperature rises, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate will decompose to produce ammonia and phosphoric acid. These decomposition products can form a protective film in the combustion area, isolating oxygen and preventing the spread of flames, reducing the risk of battery fire and explosion.

2. Participate in the synthesis of electrode materials

Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate can be used to prepare electrode materials for lithium batteries. For example, in the synthesis process of some lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO ₄) electrode materials, it can provide phosphate ions (PO ₄³ ⁻). It can synthesize high-performance lithium iron phosphate materials through high-temperature solid-state reactions with sources such as iron and lithium. This material has the advantages of high energy density, good cycling stability, and safety, and is currently one of the widely used positive electrode materials for lithium batteries.

3. Improve electrolyte performance

Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate can be used as an electrolyte additive. It can form a stable ion conductive environment in the electrolyte. To some extent, it can inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites in the electrolyte. The growth of lithium dendrites can lead to safety issues such as battery short circuits. Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate alters the ion migration characteristics of the electrolyte, allowing lithium ions to deposit more evenly on the electrode surface, thereby extending the battery's lifespan and improving its safety.

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